via CDC We’ve been tracking retractions of papers about COVID-19 as part of our database. Here’s a running list, which will be updated as needed. (For some context on these figures, see this post, our letter in Accountability in Research and the last section of this Nature news article. Also see a note about the terminology regarding preprint servers at the end.)
Retracted
“5G Technology and induction of coronavirus in skin cells,” published in Biological Regulators & Homeostatic Agents on July 16, 2020, withdrawn on July 24, 2020. Our coverage here. “A Case Series of Stent Thrombosis During the COVID-19 Pandemic,” published on May 27, 2020 in JACC: Case Reports; retraction date is unknown. Retracted as a duplicate publication by journal error. “A data-mining based analysis of traditional Chinese medicine in diagnosing and treating COVID-19,” published on June 24, 2021 in The Anatomical Record; unknown when retracted. “A deep learning model and machine learning methods for the classification of potential coronavirus treatments on a single human cell,” published on October 17, 2020 in the Journal of Nanoparticle Research; retracted on August 16, 2021. “A Discourse Analysis of Quotidian Expressions of Nationalism during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chinese Cyberspace,” published on September 8, 2020; retracted on April 12, 2022. “A mechanistic analysis placental intravascular thrombus formation in COVID-19 patients,” published on April 25, 2020 in Annals of Diagnostic Pathology. Retracted on June 22, 2020 as a duplicate publication by journal error. “A meta-analysis of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) antibody treatment for COVID-19 patients,” published on August 20, 2021 in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease; retracted on November 21, 2021. See our coverage here. “A Model Based Analysis for COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Implications for Health Systems and Policy for Low- and Middle-Income Countries,” preprint possted on June 12, 2020 in medRxiv; retracted on August 18, 2020. “A qualitative study of the impact of COVID 19, on health care providers for cancer patients: An original research,” published on November 10, 2021 in the Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences; retracted on July 13, 2022. “A Report on Myocarditis Adverse Events in the U.S. Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) in Association with COVID-19 Injectable Biological Products,” published on October 1, 2021 in Current Problems in Cardiology, temporarily retracted on October 15, 2021. Our coverage here. “A Retrospective Analysis and Comparison of Prisoners and Community-Based Patients with COVID-19 Requiring Intensive Care During the First Phase of the Pandemic in West Texas,” published on November 2, 2020 in the Journal of Primary Care & Community Health; retracted on July 16, 2021 “A review of convalescent plasma transfusion in COVID-19: Old wine reserved for special occasions,” published in Lung India on September 16, 2020; retracted December 31, 2020. “A study of COVID-19 in the Wuhan, Beijing, Urumqi and Dalian cities based on the regional disease vulnerability index,” published on September 4, 2021 in the Journal of Infection and Public Health; retracted on unknown date for publisher error in duplicate publishing. “A Study of Potential SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral Drugs and Preliminary Research of Their Molecular Mechanism, Based on Anti-SARS-CoV Drug Screening and Molecular Dynamics Simulation,” published on December 1, 2020 in the Journal of Computational Biology; retracted on June 25, 2021. “A thematic analysis of system wide learning from first wave Covid-19 in the east of England,” publishing on April 25, 2022 in BMC Health Services Research; retracted on July 5, 2022. “Accurate computation: COVID-19 rRT-PCR positive test dataset using stages classification through textual big data mining with machine learning,” published on January 4, 2021 in The Journal of Supercomputing; retracted on November 21, 2022. “Acute kidney injury and collapsing glomerulopathy associated with COVID-19 and APOL1 high risk genotype,” Abstract 111 and Abstract 621, both published in the Journal of Investigative Medicine; both retracted on April 1, 2021. “Acute necrotizing myelitis and acute motor axonal neuropathy in a COVID-19 patient,” published in Journal of Neurology on August 9, 2020; unknown date of retraction. “Addressing the Mental Health Needs of Filipino Child Victims of Online Sexual Exploitation During the COVID-19 Crisis: Challenges in Implementing Online Intervention Studies for Vulnerable Populations,” published on January 11, 2022 in the Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health; retracted on February 22, 2022. “Advancing ambulatory pharmacy practice through a crisis: Objectives and strategies used in an ambulatory care action team’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic,” published on January 23, 2021 in the American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy; retracted on April 1, 2022 due to published error causing duplicate publication. “AI Techniques for COVID-19,” published in IEEE Access on July 8, 2020; retracted in October (exact date unknown). “An adaptive speech signal processing for COVID-19 detection using deep learning approach,” published on August 21, 2021 in the International Journal of Speech Technology; retracted on October 13, 2022. “An effective protective equipment to use in the vaginal delivery of the pregnant women with suspected/diagnosed COVID-19: Delivery Table Shield,” published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology on June 15, 2020, withdrawn sometime before June 25, 2020. Retracted and reinstated. Republished on unknown date, no explanation given. Our coverage here. “An epidemiological investigation of a new coronavirus pneumonia cluster epidemic spread in public transportation” (also titled “An epidemiological investigation of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases through aerosol-borne transmission by public transport”), published in early March in Practical Preventive Medicine and retracted sometime in mid-April. More context here. “Anal swab as the potentially optimal specimen for SARS-CoV-2 detection to evaluate the hospital discharge of COVID-19 patients,” published on August 14, 2020 in Future Microbiology; retracted on April 13 2021. “Analysis of 329,942 SARS-CoV-2 records retrieved from GISAID database,” published on October 26, 2021 in Computers in Biology and Medicine; retracted on April 20, 2022. “Analysis of Ten Microsecond simulation data of SARS-CoV-2 dimeric main protease,” preprint posted on bioRxiv, April 12, 2020, withdrawn April 16, 2020. “Analysis of thin-section CT in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) after hospital discharge,” published on May 15, 2020 in Clinical Imaging; retraction date/reason is unknown. “Analysis of Urban Residents’ Consumption Behavior and Influencing Factors of Ecological Agricultural Products in the Post-Pandemic Era of COVID-19,” published on May 14, 2022 in Applied Bionics and Biomechanics; retracted on November 21, 2022. “Antiviral treatment could not provide clinical benefit in management of mild COVID-19: A Retrospective Experience from Field hospital,” published on July 31, 2021 in the Journal of Infection and Public Health; unknown date of retraction. “Assessing the Dissemination of COVID-19 Articles Across Social Media With Altmetric and PlumX Metrics: Correlational Study,” published on June 13, 2020 as a preprint, and January 14, 2021 as an article in the Journal of Medical Internet Research; retracted on July 29, 2022. “Assessment of COVID-19 pandemic effects on ship pollutant emissions in major international seaports,” published on October 23, 2021 in Environmental Research; retraction date/reason is unknown. “Association of Initial Viral Load in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Patients with Outcome and Symptoms,” published on July 7, 2020 in The American Journal of Pathology; retraction date is unknown. Retracted as a duplicate publication by journal error. “Autopsy and Histologic Findings of Patients with New Coronavirus Pneumonia: The Pathologic Associations with Hypoxemia,” published on February 13, 2020 in Medical Science Monitor; retracted on March 17, 2021. “Basic Demographic Parameters Help Predict Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 During the First Wave of Infection in West Texas,” published on November 2, 2020 in the Journal of Primary Care & Community Health; retracted on July 16, 2021. “Because if I don’t hold his hand then I might as well not be there”: Experiences of Dutch and UK care home visiting during the COVID-19 pandemic,” published on September 17, 2021 in the Journal of the American Medical Directors Association; unknown date of retraction. “Biopsychosocial intersections of social/affective touch and psychiatry: Implications of ‘touch hunger’ during COVID-19,” published February 24, 2021 in the International Journal of Social Psychiatry; retracted on November 26, 2021. See our coverage here. “Calcifediol Treatment and COVID-19-Related Outcomes,” preprint posted to Preprints with The Lancet on January 22 and removed on February 19. Our coverage here. “Can quantitative RT-PCR for SARS-coV-2 help in better management of patients and control of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,” published on November 16, 2020 in Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology; unknown date of retraction. “Can Traditional Chinese Medicine provide insights into controlling the COVID-19 pandemic: Serpentinization-induced lithospheric long-wavelength magnetic anomalies in Proterozoic bedrocks in a weakened geomagnetic field mediate the aberrant transformation of biogenic molecules in COVID-19 via magnetic catalysis,” published in Science of the Total Environment on October 8, 2020, “temporary removal” on November 5, 2020, subsequently retracted on an unknown date. Our coverage here. “Can Your AI Differentiate Cats from Covid-19? Sample Efficient Uncertainty Estimation for Deep Learning Safety,” reportedly to be presented at the ICML 2020 Workshop on Uncertainty and Robustness in Deep Learning in July, 2020, removed sometime before June 17, 2020. Improbable Research discusses it here. “Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in Covid-19,” published in the New England Journal of Medicine on May 1, 2020, subjected to an expression of concern on June 2, 2020 and retracted on June 4. “Characteristics and risk factors for COVID-19 diagnosis and adverse outcomes in Mexico: an analysis of 89,756 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases,” published in the European Respiratory Journal on July 31, 2020, and retracted on March 4, 2021. “Chinese medical staff request international medical assistance in fighting against COVID-19,” letter in The Lancet published February 24, 2020 and retracted February 26, 2020. More context here. “Chinese mental health burden during the COVID-19 pandemic,” published in Asian Journal of Psychiatry on April 14, 2020 and retracted on November 4, 2020. Our coverage here. “Chinese nationalism during the COVID-19 pandemic: Conciliatory and confrontational discourses,” published on January 4, 2022, in Nations and Nationalism; retracted on unknown date. “Chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: why might they be hazardous?” published in The Lancet on May 22, 2020, retracted and replaced July 9, 2020. Our coverage here. “Clinical and CT imaging features of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19),” published on March 3, 2020 in the Journal of Infection; unknown dates for retraction and reinstatement. Retracted and reinstated. “Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of 34 Children With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection in Shenzhen,” published in Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi on February 17, 2020, date of retraction unknown. “Clinical and Scientific Rationale for the “MATH+” Hospital Treatment Protocol for COVID-19,” published on December 15, 2020 in the Journal of Intensive Care Medicine; retracted on October 9, 2021. See our coverage here. “Clinical Characteristics and Blood Test Results in COVID-19 Patients,” published on May 1, 2020 in the Annals of Clinical & Laboratory Science; retracted on July 1, 2020. “Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to an intensive care unit in Faisalabad, Pakistan,” published on March 17, 2021 in the International Journal of Clinical Practice; retracted on October 12, 2021. “Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Myocardial Injury and Arrhythmia in COVID-19 patients,” preprint posted on December 3, 2020 in medRxiv; retracted on August 3, 2021. “Clinical characteristics of skin manifestations in the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2,” published on May 12, 2020 in Clinical Dermatology and Venerology; retracted on July 22, 2021. “Clinical manifestations and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy,” published on March 5, 2020 in Journal of Infection; unknown date of retraction. Hat tip. “Clinical sequelae of the novel coronavirus: does COVID-19 infection predispose patients to cancer?”, published in Future Oncology in May 2020, retracted for plagiarism in December 2020. Our coverage here. “Comment on an article: ‘Osteoporosis in the age of COVID-19 patients‘,” published on January 21, 2021 in Osteoporosis International; retracted on July 14, 2021. “Community pharmacists: On the frontline of health service against COVID-19 in LMICs,” published on April 19, 2020 in Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy; retraction date is unknown. Retracted as a duplicate publication by journal error. “Comparison of the Performance of Various Scores in Predicting Mortality Among Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19,” published on December 27, 2021 in the journal Cureus; retracted on March 17, 2022. “Complete Heart Block, Severe Ventricular Dysfunction and Myocardial Inflammation in a Child with COVID-19 Infection,” published on May 27, 2020 in JACC: Case Reports; retraction date is unknown. Retracted as a duplicate publication by journal error. “Computational analysis suggests putative intermediate animal hosts of the SARS-CoV-2,” preprint posted on bioRxiv on April 5, 2020, withdrawn April 20, 2020. “Convalescent plasma therapy in COVID 19: Every dark cloud has a silver lining,” published on October 16, 2020 in Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology; retracted January 18, 2021. “Convalescent Plasma, an Apheresis Research Project Targeting and Motivating the Fully Recovered COVID 19 Patients: A Rousing Message of Clinical Benefit To Both Donors and Recipients Alike,” published on April 22, 2020 in Transfusion and Apheresis Science; unknown date of retraction for duplicate publication by journal error. “Coronavirus disease 2019 in a 2-month-old male infant: a case report from Iran,” published on September 21, 2020 in the Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics; retracted on July 19, 2022. “Corona Virus Killed by Sound Vibrations Produced by Thali or Ghanti: A Potential Hypothesis,” published in March-August 2020 issue of Journal of Molecular Pharmaceuticals and Regulatory Affairs; date of retraction unknown. “Coronary arteries and aortic valve calcifications in COVID-19,” published on January 23, 2022 in Emergency Radiology; retracted on March 18, 2022. “Coronavirus disease-2019: A brief compilation of facts,” published on May 8, 2020 in the Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; retracted in the May-August 2020 issue. “Countering fake news in the COVID-19 era: The public’s opinion on the role of an honest and reliable website,” published on November 17, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “COVID 19 response: An analysis of teachers’ perception on pedagogical successes and challenges of digital teaching practice during new normal,” published on April 18, 2021 in Education and Information Technologies; retracted on August 9, 2021. “Covid and Biologics,” published on September 11, 2020 in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology; date of retraction is unknown. Retracted as a duplicate publication by journal error. “COVID-19 admissions calculators – Revisited,” published on April 25, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted on June 23, 2021. See our related coverage here. “COVID-19 admissions calculators: General population and paediatric cohort,” published on April 10, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted on June 17, 2021. See our related coverage here. “COVID-19 and potential global mortality – Revisited,” published on April 30, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “COVID-19 and the scaled-down 2020 Hajj Pilgrimage – Decisive, logical and prudent decision making by Saudi authorities overcomes pre-Hajj public health concerns,” published on August 8, 2020 in the International Journal of Infectious Diseases; date of retraction is unknown. Retracted as a duplicate publication by journal error. “COVID-19 Emergency Responders in FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research,” published sometime after April 6, 2020 in Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, date of retraction unknown. “COVID-19 in Africa and collateral effects on health systems and their immunization programs,” published on October 9, 2020 in Vaccine; retraction date is unknown. “COVID-19 is ageist, sexist, ruthless, dispassionate and opportunistic – Protecting our vulnerable,” published on October 1, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “COVID-19 lockdown impact on CERN seismic station ambient noise levels,” published on March 2, 2022 in Open Engineering; retracted on July 12, 2022 due to duplicate publication by journal error. “COVID-19 pandemic planning, response, and lessons learned at a community hospital,” published on September 3, 2022 in the American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy; retracted on September 30, 2022 due to duplicate publication by publisher error. “COVID-19 related acute decline in paediatric admissions in Malta, a population-based study,” published on November 12, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “COVID-19, its novel vaccination and fake news – What a brew,” published on November 12, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “COVID-19, Suicide, and Femicide: rapid research using Google Search,” published on January 22, 2021 in The Journal of General Psychology; retracted on May 19, 2021. See our coverage here. “COVID-19: A global and continental overview of the second wave and its (relatively) attenuated case fatality ratio,” published on October 3, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “COVID-19: Combined supply-side and demand-side shocks, so lift restrictions (carefully) lest GPD declines ultimately kill more than COVID-19,” published on October 1, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “COVID-19: Mathematical estimation of delay to deaths in relation to upsurges in positive rates,” published on October 1, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “Covid -19: Should sexual practices be discouraged during the pandemic?” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, publication date unknown (accepted April 16), retracted on or around May 11, and replaced on an unknown date. Retracted and reinstated. Our coverage here. “COVID-19: The possible seasonal shape of things to come,” published on November 12, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “CoViTris2020 and ChloViD2020: a striking new hope in COVID-19 therapy,” published on January 3, 2021 in Molecular Diversity; retracted on September 3, 2022. “Critical thinking cultivation in Chinese learning classes for International students during the COVID-19 pandemic,” published on May 10, 2021 in the journal Thinking Skills and Creativity; retracted on June 22, 2022. “Cuentos Lunares: Poems and Flash Fiction That Save Lives — A Euromelanoma Project During the COVID-19 Pandemic,” published on November 11, 2021 in Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas; retracted on an unknown date due to publisher error causing a duplcate publication. “Decrease in Hospitalizations for COVID-19 after Mask Mandates in 1083 U.S. Counties,” medRxiv preprint posted on October 23, 2020 and withdrawn on November 4, 2020. “Deep learning system to screen coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia,” published on April 22, 2020 in Applied Intelligence; date of retraction is unknown. “Dependence of emotional burnout on personality typology in the COVID-19 pandemic,” published on November 26, 2021 in the journal Work; retracted on October 14, 2022. “Describing the unvaccinated as the main driver of the current COVID-19 situation in Germany should not be based on analyzing pre-pandemic patterns of contacts,” published on December 13, 2021 in The Lancet Regional Health – Europe; retracted on January 10, 2022. “Detecting Subacute Thyroiditis after COVID-19 infection using Deep Learning Techniques – A Case Study,” published on April 23, 2021 in the Journal of Physics: Conference Series; retracted on December 21, 2021. “Determinants of COVID-19 incidence and mortality: A cross-country analysis,” preprint posted on June 12, 2020 in medRxiv; retracted on June 19, 2020. “Discovery of (E)-N-(4-cyanobenzylidene)-6-fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide (cyanorona-20): the first potent and specific anti-COVID-19 drug,” published on May 16, 2021 in Chemical Papers; retracted on June 4, 2022. “Distance learning impact on the English language teaching during COVID-19,” published on May 27, 2021 in Education and Information Technologies; retracted on August 23, 2022. “Dyslipidemia Increases the Risk of Severe COVID-19: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression,” published on February 8, 2021 in Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology; retracted on unknown date. “Early Release Estimates for SARS-CoV-2 Prevalence and Antibody Response Interim Weighting for Probability-Based Sample Surveys,” preprint posted on September 18, 2020 in medRxiv; retracted on October 8, 2020. “Ecuadorian university English teachers’ reflections on emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic,” published on April 30, 2022 in SN Social Sciences; retracted on July 20, 2022. “Effectiveness of Surgical and Cotton Masks in Blocking SARS–CoV-2: A Controlled Comparison in 4 Patients,” published on April 6, 2020 in the Annals of Internal Medicine, retracted on June 1, 2020. “Effectiveness of ZYESAMI™ (Aviptadil) in accelerating recovery and shortening hospitalization in critically-ill patients with COVID-19 Respiratory Failure: interim report from a phase 2b/3 multicenter trial,” published on February 27, 2021 in SSRN, removed without notice on an unknown date. “Effects of a Single Dose of Ivermectin on Viral and Clinical Outcomes in Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infected Subjects: A Pilot Clinical Trial in Lebanon,” published on May 26, 2021 in Viruses; retracted on October 26, 2021. See our coverage here. “Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Stroke Patients,” published on August 24, 2020 in Cureus; retracted on January 13, 2021. “Efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy for asymptomatic infection of COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis‘” published on October 9, 2020 in Medicine; retracted on March 12, 2021. “Efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy for COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis,” published on May 29, 2020 in Medicine; retracted on March 12, 2021. “Efficacy and Safety of Ayurveda Intervention (AYUSH 64) as add-on therapy for patients with COVID-19 infections – An open labelled, Parallel Group, Randomized controlled clinical trial,” preprint posted on August 17, 2021 in medRxiv; retracted on September 27, 2021. “Efficacy and Safety of Ivermectin for Treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19 Pandemic,” preprint posted on ResearchSquare on November 13, 2020, withdrawn (along with its two revisions) on July 14, 2021. More information here. “Efficacy of combined Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir in the treatment of COVID-19 patients with pneumonia: a multicenter Egyptian study,” published on July 6, 2021 in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy; retracted on August 24, 2022. “Efficacy of favipiravir in COVID-19 treatment: a multi-center randomized study,” pulbished on January 25, 2021 in Archives of Virology; retracted on November 22, 2021. See our coverage here. “Elevated histamine etiology model for most major vaccine associated adverse events including SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccines,” published on June 8, 2022 in the journal Medical Hypotheses; retracted on unknown date. “Emergency Preparedness and COVID-19: A Review of AWWA Policy Statements and Guidance,” published on August 4, 2020 in Opflow. Retracted on December 4, 2020. “Emotional Burden Associated with COVID-19: Trust and Communication in Cancer Care,” published in Cancer Investigation on November 4, 2020. Retracted on March 12, 2021 as a duplicate publication by journal error. “Epidemiological and clinical features of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in China,” medRxiv preprint posted on February 11, 2020 and withdrawn February 21, 2020. More context here. “Evaluating the Clinical Outcomes of Remdesivir Among Patients Admitted With COVID-19 in a Tertiary Care Hospital,” published on November 11, 2021 in the journal Cureus; retracted on March 17, 2022. “Evaluation of rapid antibody test and chest computed tomography results of COVID-19 patients: A retrospective study,” preprint posted on February 20, 2021 in medRxiv; retracted on July 19, 2021. “Experience on radiological examinations and infection prevention for COVID-19 in radiology department,” published on March 31, 2020 in Radiology of Infectious Diseases; date of retraction is unknown. “Experimental Treatment with Favipiravir for COVID-19: An Open-Label Control Study,” published in Engineering on March 18, 2020 and temporarily retracted, now back online, all without explanation. Retracted and reinstated. “Exploring the potential effect of COVID-19 on an endangered great ape,” published on October 21, 2021 in Scientific Reports; retracted on January 25, 2022. See our coverage here. “Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor Binding Domain on Recombinant B. subtilis on Spore Surface: A Potential COVID-19 Oral Vaccine Candidate,” published on December 21, 2021 in Vaccines; retracted on November 1, 2002. “Facemasks in the COVID-19 era: A health hypothesis,” published on November 22, 2020 in Medical Hypotheses; retracted on or about May 3, 2021. Our coverage here. “Factores de riesgo de lesión renal aguda en adultos con covid-19,” published on October 1, 2021 in Nefrología; retracted on unknown date. “Factors associated with insomnia among frontline nurses during COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey study,” published on January 17, 2022 in BMC Psychiatry; retracted on July 25, 2022. “Family planning in COVID-19 times: access for all,” published on May 18, 2021 in The Lancet Global Health; retracted on June 28, 2021. “Fatal Outcomes from COVID-19 in Diabetes Patients and its Management: Impact of Diabetes and Other Comorbidities in COVID-19,” published on August 20, 2021 in Current Diabetes Reviews; unknown date of retraction. “Filter clotting, anticoagulation and duration of sled in patients with COVID-19 and acute kidney injury,” (Abstract 112 and Abstract 643) published on February 1, 2021 in the Journal of Investigative Medicine, retracted on April 1, 2021. “First viral replication of Covid-19 identified in the peritoneal dialysis fluid,” published in Bulletin de la Dialyse à Domicile on April 13, 2020, retracted on April 20, 2020. Our coverage here. “Forensic case-work analysis and legal challenges during pandemic: An update from Pakistan,” published in Legal Medicine in October 2020, retracted at an unclear date. “From SARS-CoV to Wuhan 2019-nCoV Outbreak: Similarity of Early Epidemic and Prediction of Future Trends,” preprint posted on bioRxiv on January 25, 2020, withdrawn on January 28, 2020. “Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from northwest of Iran during Covid-19 era,” published on February 22, 2022 in Gene Reports; retracted on unknown date (prior to 6/7/2022). “Genome-wide variations of SARS-CoV-2 infer evolution relationship and transmission route,” preprint posted on May 3, 2020 in medRxiv; retracted on May 8, 2020. “Glucocorticoids Should Be Used With Caution in Patients With SARS-CoV-2,” published on February 24, 2021 in Frontiers in Medicine; retracted on May 31, 2022. “GraphCovidNet: A graph neural network based model for detecting COVID-19 from CT scans and X-rays of chest,” published on April 15, 2021 in Scientific Reports; retracted on November 30, 2021. “Holidays over: A review of actual COVID-19 school outbreaks up to September 2020,” published on October 1, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “Homeopathy combat against coronavirus disease (Covid-19),” published on June 5, 2020 in the Journal of Public Health and retracted on August 3, 2020. See our coverage here and here. “Hospital factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare personnel in Greece,” published in The Journal of Hospital Infection on October 22, 2020, “Temporary Removal” date not provided. Reinstated sometime after December 29, 2020. “How Has the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown Affected Breslow Thickness in Cutaneous Melanoma,” published on November 10, 2021 in Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas; retracted on unknown date due to publisher error in duplicate publication. “How perceived threat of Covid-19 causes turnover intention among Pakistani nurses: A moderation and mediation analysis,” published on August 10, 2020 in the International Journal of Mental Health Nursing; unknown date of retraction – estimated to be February 1, 2021. “Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Outcomes from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression,” published in AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses on January 27, 2021, retracted on June 1, 2021. “Hydroxychloroquine in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study,” published on August 14, 2020 in The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene; EOC published October 11, 2021, retracted on September 2, 2022. “Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis,” published in The Lancet on May 22, 2020, subjected to an expression of concern on June 2 ,and retracted on June 4. “Hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin: a potential interest in reducing in-hospital morbidity due to COVID-19 pneumonia (HI-ZY-COVID)?” preprint posted on medRxiv, May 11, 2020, withdrawn on May 20, 2020. Our coverage here. “Hydroxychloroquine: An Essential Drug in Dermatology and Its Controversial Use in COVID-19,” published on November 26, 2021 in Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas; retracted on unknown date from publisher error causing duplicate publication. “Identify and measure the degree of over-prevention behaviors in the post-COVID-19 era in China,” published on September 25, 2021 in BMC Public Health; retracted on December 10, 2021. “Impact of daily high dose oral vitamin D therapy on the inflammatory markers in patients with COVID 19 disease,” published on May 20, 2021 in Scientific Reports and corrected on August 30, 2021; retracted on April 20, 2022. “Impact of lockdown and health anxiety during COVID 19 pandemic among inpatients of a psychiatric hospital: an observational study,” published on November 10, 2020 in the Asian Journal of Psychiatry; unknown date of retraction. “Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Stroke Epidemiology and Clinical Stroke Practice in the US,” published on January 26, 2021 in the Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases; retracted on July 10, 2021. “Impact of the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and interventions to contain the virus on society and patients with kidney disease in Cambodia,” published on October 9, 2021 in Renal Replacement Therapy; retracted on June 15, 2022. “Impacts of social distancing on cancer care during COVID-19 pandemic: Hong Kong experience,” published on June 29, 2020 in Palliative & Supportive Care; retracted on August 20, 2021. “Implementation of a telemedicine service during COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan,” published on May 1, 2021 in the International Journal of Clinical Practice; retracted on October 12, 2021. “Implications of Spike-glycoprotein processing at S1/S2 by Furin, at S2’ by Furin and/or TMPRSS2 and shedding of ACE2: cell-to-cell fusion, cell entry and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2,” preprint posted on in bioRxiv; retracted on July 15, 2021. “Incidence and affecting factors of pulmonary diffusing capacity impairment with COVID-19 survivors 18 months after discharge in Wuhan, China,” published on January 2, 2022 in the Journal of Infection; retracted on an unknown date for publisher error of duplicate publication. “Incidence and mortality of COVID-19 in Iranian multiple sclerosis patients treated with disease-modifying therapies,” published September 15, 2020 in Revue Neurologique and retracted on October 8, 2020. “Intersectionality and Inequalities in Medical Risk for Severe COVID-19 in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging,” published September 24, 2020 in The Gerontologist, retracted January 22, 2021. “Intracranial Hemorrhage in COVID-19 Patients on ECMO: Challenges and Future Directions,” published on June 6, 2020 in the Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia; retraction date is unknown. “Introducing special cutaneous “sign” tribute to healthcare workers managing new coronavirus disease (Covid -19),” published on April 20, 2020 in Clinics in Dermatology; retracted on an unknown date as a duplicate publication by journal error. “Investigation and analysis of cognitive function and psychological status in stroke patients with COVID-19,” published on July 14, 2022 in the Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases; retracted on unknown date. “Is vitamin D deficiency associated with the COVID-19 epidemic in Europe,” preprint posted on January 29, 2021 in medRxiv; retracted on March 6, 2021. Ivermectin and the odds of hospitalization due to COVID-19: evidence from a quasi-experimental analysis based on a public intervention in Mexico City, preprint posted on May 4, 2021 in OSF Preprints; retracted on February 4, 2022. See our covereage here. “Ivermectin in COVID-19 Related Critical Illness,” preprint posted in April 2020 on SSRN: Social Science Resource Network, retracted sometime in May. Reporting from The Scientist here. “Letter to editor in response to COVID-19: From bench to bedside by Singh A et al,” published on June 12, 2020 in Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. Retracted on September 11, 2020 as a duplicate publication by journal error. “Liver impairment associated with disease progression in COVID‐19 patients,” published April 15, 2020 in Liver International and retracted in August/September 2020. “Long Covid: quantitative and qualitative analyses of online Long Haulers’ experiences, emotions and practices in the UK,” preprint posted on October 4, 2020 in medRxiv; retracted on November 16, 2020. “Lung disease severity, Coronary Artery Calcium, Coronary inflammation and Mortality in Coronavirus Disease 2019.” medRxiv preprint posted May 6, 2020 and withdrawn June 20, 2020. “Lung ultrasound score in establishing the timing of intubation in COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia: A preliminary retrospective observational study,” published in PLOS ONE on September 3, 2020; Expression of concern published in PLOS ONE on November 30, 2020; retracted December 31, 2020. Our coverage here. “Malta tourism losses due to second wave of COVID-19,” published on October 1, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. “Managing college operations during the coronavirus outbreak,” published April 10, 2020 in Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, date of retraction unknown. “Measures of Adiposity and Risk of Testing Positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the UK Biobank Study,” published on January 27, 2021 in the Journal of Obesity; retracted on March 18, 2022. “Mechanical ventilation in COVID-19: Is it due to patient or virology factors,” published on June 14, 2020 in the Annals of Medicine and Surgery; date of retraction is unknown. “MEGA: Machine Learning-Enhanced Graph Analytics for COVID-19 Infodemic Control,” preprint posted on October 27, 2020 in medRxiv; retracted on July 8, 2021. “Mental health burden for the public affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in China: Who will be the high-risk group?,” published April 14, 2020 in Psychology, Health & Medicine and retracted on October 23, 2020. Our coverage here. “Mental Health outcome and Professional quality of Life among Healthcare Worker during COVID-19 pandemic: A (FRONTLINE-COVID) survey,” published January 6, 2021 in the Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique; unknown date of retraction. “Mental health status and coping strategy of medical workers in China during The COVID-19 outbreak,” preprint posted on medRxiv on February 25, 2020, withdrawn on March 7, 2020. “Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials of Ivermectin to Treat SARS-CoV-2 Infection,” published on July 6, 2021 in Open Forum Infectious Diseases; retracted on February 5, 2022; EoC published August 9, 2021. Our coverage here. “Methylene blue photochemical treatment as a reliable SARS-CoV-2 plasma virus inactivation method for blood safety and convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19,” published on April 16, 2021 in BMC Infectious Diseases and retracted on July 9, 2021. Our coverage here. “Modeling the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 immunity waning, antigenic drifting, and population serology patterns,” preprint posted on September 11, 2020 in medRxiv; retracted on October 11, 2020. “Mortality of a pregnant patient diagnosed with COVID-19: A case report with clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings,” published in Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease on April 11, 2020, retracted on May 2, 2020. Our coverage here. “mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination and Development of CMR-confirmed Myopericarditis,” preprint published on September 16, 2021 in medRxiv; retracted on September 24, 2021. “mRNA Vaccines to Prevent COVID-19 Disease and Reported Allergic Reactions: Current Evidence and Approach,” published December 31, 2020 in The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice. Temporary Removal published on unknown date. “Needed: Less influenza vaccine hesitancy and less presenteeism among health care workers in the COVID-19 era,” published on October 1, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio—A marker of COVID-19 pneumonia severity,” published on September 6, 2020 in the International Journal of Clinical Practice; retracted on October 12, 2021. “No Deleterious Effect of Lockdown Due to COVID-19 Pandemic on Glycaemic Control, Measured by Glucose Monitoring, in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes,” published on May 12, 2020 in Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, retracted July 27, 2020. Our coverage here. “Noninvasive versus invasive ventilation: one modality cannot fit all during COVID-19 outbreak,” published on July 8, 2020 in the Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, retracted on September 14, 2020. Our coverage here. “Noteworthy Neurological Manifestations Associated With COVID-19 Infection,” published on July 3, 2020 in Cureus, retracted on March 5, 2021. “Novel research opportunities: an unfortunate small silver lining to COVID-19,” published on October 2, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted on sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “Novel research opportunities 2: An unfortunate small silver lining to COVID-19,” published on November 12, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “Nurses reports of actual work hours and preferred work hours per shift among frontline nurses during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic: A cross-sectional survey,” published on May 16, 2020 in the International Journal of Nursing Studies; date of retraction is unknown. “Obesity and mortality of COVID-19. Meta-analysis,” published on July 9, 2020 in Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, retracted February 6, 2021. “One of COVID-19’s many costs: Malta’s expenditure in consumables and non-consumables, a population-based study,” published on October 1, 2021 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “Original Antigenic Sin in COVID-19: Hoskins Effect and Vaccine,” published on March 17, 2022 in Infectious Disorders – Drug Targets; retracted on unknown date. “Our Elderly’s Mental Health in Times of COVID-19,” published January 2021 in the Open Journal of Social Sciences; retracted on January 20, 2021. “Patterns of COVID-19 Mortality and Vitamin D: An Indonesian Study,” preprint posted on April 30, 2020 in SSRN: Social Science Resource Network. Retraction date unknown. (Hat tip to HealthNerd) “Personal respirators for population level control of the COVID19 pandemic,” published on May 6, 2020 in the Journal of Infection; date of retraction is unknown. Retracted as a duplicate publication by journal error. “Phenotype and outcomes of acute kidney injury associated with COVID-19,” (Abstract 113 and Abstract 445) published on February 1, 2021 in the Journal of Investigative Medicine; retracted on April 1, 2021. “Phylogenetic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 lineage suggest a single origin followed by multiple exportation events versus convergent evolution,” preprint posted on January 13, 2021in bioRxiv; retracted on January 15, 2021. “Phytotherapeutic options for the treatment of COVID‐19: A concise viewpoint,” published on August 20, 2020 in Phytotherapy Research; retracted on December 30, 2020. “Post COVID-19 Psychological Impacts on Recovered Teachers Working in Different Level of Educational Institutions of District Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan,” published on March 27, 2022 in the Journal of Applied Health Sciences and Medicine; retracted on October 2, 2022. “Potential False-Positive Rate Among the ‘Asymptomatic Infected Individuals’ in Close Contacts of COVID-19 Patients,” published March 5, 2020 in the Chinese Journal of Epidemiology and retracted a few days later. More context here. “Proposal for Initiative of Evidence-based Treatment of COVID-19 Patients with Worsening Hypoxia,” published on October 7, 2020 in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine; date of retraction unknown. “Proxalutamide Reduces the Rate of Hospitalization for COVID-19 Male Outpatients: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial,” published on July 19, 2021 in Frontiers in Medicine; EOC issued January 17, 2022; retracted on June 8, 2022. “Psychiatric Predictors of COVID-19 Outcomes in a Skilled Nursing Facility Cohort” medRxiv preprint posted May 26, 2020, and withdrawn June 21, 2020. “Psychosis: A Presentation of COVID-19,” published on June 12, 2020 in Psychosomatics; date of retraction is unknown. “Psychosis in Older Adults During COVID-19 Pandemic: Patterns of Referral to a Geriatric Psychiatry Clinic,” published March 16, 2021 in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry; retracted on unknown date. “Psychotherapy and Follow-Up in Health Care Workers After the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Single Center’s Experience,” published on August 18, 2022 in Psychology Research and Behavior Management; retracted on November 22, 2022. “Racial Disparity Amongst Stroke Patients During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic,” published on September 10, 2020 in Cureus; retracted on January 13, 2021. “Rationale and Criteria for a COVID-19 Model Framework,” published on July 6, 2021 in Viruses; retracted on July 29, 2021. “Real World Effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines against Hospitalizations and Deaths in the United States,” preprint posted on April 23, 2021 in medRxiv; retracted on August 31, 2021. “Recruitment of pregnant women to randomised trials of COVID 19 treatments, and pharmaceutical treatments received outside such trials: A research article,” published on September 9, 2022 in the European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology; retracted on unknown date as a duplicate publication by journal error. “Remdesivir Efficacy in COVID-19 Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” published on September 10, 2021 in The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene; retracted on September 2, 2022. “Remission of Subacute Psychosis in a COVID-19 Patient With an Antineuronal Autoantibody After Treatment With Intravenous Immunoglobulin,” published on April 12, 2021 in Biological Psychiatry; retracted on August 22, 2022. “Reply to ‘COVID-19 and smoking: An opportunity to quit…when vaccinated!‘” published on November 2, 2021 in Archivos de Bronconeumología; retracted on an unknown date for publisher error causing duplicate publication. “Resilient to Crises: How Cooperatives Are Adapting Sustainably to Overcome COVID-19-induced Challenges,” published on March 15, 2021 in the International Journal of Rural Management; retracted on August 30, 2021. “Review of the Emerging Evidence Demonstrating the Efficacy of Ivermectin in the Prophylaxis & Treatment of COVID-19,” published as an abstract at Frontiers in Pharmacology in January 2021, removed without a notice by March 1, 2021. Coverage by The Scientist here. “Safe school reopening under COVID-19 restrictions – Measures implemented in San Andrea independent school in Malta,” published on October 1, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “Safety and efficacy of favipiravir versus hydroxychloroquine in management of COVID-19: A randomised controlled trial,” published on March 31, 2021 in Scientific Reports; retracted on September 18, 2021. “SARS-CoV-2 infects T lymphocytes through its spike protein-mediated membrane fusion,” published in Cellular & Molecular Immunology April 7, 2020, subject to an expression of concern in early June 2020, retracted July 10, 2020. Our coverage here. “SARS–CoV–2 Spike Impairs DNA Damage Repair and Inhibits V(D)J Recombination In Vitro,” published in Viruses on October 13, 2021; EoC published December 22, 2021; retracted on May 10, 2022. See our coverage here. “SARS-CoV-2 Spike-like Pigmented Peripheral Structures: A Dermoscopic Finding in Dysplastic Nevi and Incipient Melanomas,” published on November 10, 2021; retracted on unknown date. “SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Antibody Testing in Immunosuppressed Populations: You Can’t Tell the Players Without a Scorecard“, published on June 30, 2021 in Transplantation; retracted and replaced around August 21, 2021. Retracted and reinstated. “SARS-CoV-2 was Unexpectedly Deadlier than Push-scooters: Could Hydroxychloroquine be the Unique Solution?” published on August 15, 2020 in Asian Journal of Medicine and Health, retracted August 16, 2020. Our coverage here. “Seeding of outbreaks of COVID-19 by contaminated fresh and frozen food,” preprint published on August 18, 2020 in bioRxiv; retracted on March 13, 2021. “Selenium-associated gene signatures within the SARS-CoV-2-host genomic interaction interface,” published on July 15, 2020 in Free Radical Biology & Medicine; date of retraction is unknown. “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Mimicking as Pulmonary Tuberculosis in an Inmate,” published on June 5, 2020 in Cureus; retracted on August 31, 2021. “Severe Dengue With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Due to COVID-19: A Co-infection Case Series,” published on November 12, 2021 in Cureus; retracted on November 16, 2021. “Sharp decline in acute and elective hospital attendances and admissions due to COVID-19 in Malta (Q1 2020) – A population-based study,” published on November 12, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “Smoking Prevalence is Low in Symptomatic Patients Admitted for COVID-19.” medRxiv preprint posted May 10, 2020 and withdrawn June 13, 2020. “Some health effects of global warming,” published on October 1, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “Spontaneous Abortions and Policies on COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Use During Pregnancy,” published in November 2021 in Science, Public Health Policy, and the Law; retracted on unknown date. See our coverage here. “Sports and sportsmen as role models – or otherwise – in the COVID-19 era,” published on November 12, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “Stay-at-home policy is a case of exception fallacy: an internet-based ecological study,” published on March 5, 2021 in Scientific Reports; retracted on December 14, 2021. See our coverage here. “Subsegmental Thrombus in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Immuno-Thrombosis or Pulmonary Embolism? Data Analysis of Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease,” published on August 24, 2020 in Heart, Lung and Circulation; retraction date is unknown. “Supply chains and COVID-19: impacts, countermeasures and post-COVID-19 era,” published on September 14, 2021 in The International Journal of Logistics Management; retracted on unknown date. “Teaching Chemical Engineering to Biotechnology students in the time of COVID-19: Assessment of the adaptation to digitalization,” published on November 20, 2020 in Education for Chemical Engineers; retracted on April 15, 2021 for duplicate publication by journal error. “Technology targeting immunocompromised patients for COVID-19 vaccine in community pharmacies,” published on October 18, 2022 in Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy; retracted on unknown date. “Temporal relation between second dose BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine and cardiac involvement in a patient with previous SARS-COV-2 infection,” published on April 5, 2021 in the IJC Heart & Vasculature; retracted on unknown date due to duplicate publication by journal error. “The early cryptic transmission and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in human hosts,” preprint posted on November 17, 2020 in SSRN: Social Science Resource Network, withdrawn at an unknown date. Coverage in the media here. “The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic Related Interruption on Nursing Homes and Facilities for the Disabled Visit Dental Treatment,” published on March 31, 2021 in Ronen Shika Igaku; retracted on November 12, 2021. “The Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on Reducing the Risk of Infection, Hospitalization, and Death in Isfahan Province, Iran,” published in January 2022 in the Iranian Journal of Public Health; retracted on February 1, 2022, “The effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing relaxation training for improving sleep quality among nursing staff during the COVID-19 outbreak: a before and after study,” published on October 7, 2020 in Sleep Medicine. Retracted on December 5, 2020 as a duplicate publication by journal error. “The estimated impact of the COVID-19 epidemic in the general population of France,” preprint posted on May 26, 2020 in medRxiv; retracted on June 8, 2020. “The Impact of Charlson Comorbidity Index on Mortality From SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection,” published on November 27, 2021 in the journal Cureus; retracted on March 17, 2022. “The mechanisms of action of Ivermectin against SARS-CoV-2: An evidence-based clinical review article,” published on June 15, 2021 in The Journal of Antibiotics; unknown date of retraction. “The prediction of the lifetime of the new coronavirus in the USA using mathematical models,” published on March 10, 2021 in Soft Computing; retracted on November 30 2022. “The Race to Herd Immunity: Results from a Large-Scale Study,” preprint posted on April 2, 2021 in SSRN: Social Science Resource Network, retracted on unknown date without notice. “The role of HIV infection in the clinical spectrum of COVID-19: a population-based cohort analysis based on US National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) Enclave data,” preprint posted on June 6, 2021 in medRxiv; retracted on June 24, 2021. “The role of temperature on the global spread of COVID-19 and urgent solutions,” published on November 19, 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology; retracted and removed from website on July 7, 2021. “The Role of the Vascular Niche in Organ Fibrosis and COVID-19-Related Organ Damage and the Countermeasures adopted by Chinese and Western Medicine,” published on March 29, 2022 in Pharmacological Research – Modern Chinese Medicine; retracted on an unknown date. “The Role of Vitamin D in Suppressing Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients and Associated Mortality,” preprint posted on April 10, 2020 in medRxiv; withdrawn on April 15, 2020. Reinstated on unknown date. “The Safety of COVID-19 Vaccinations—We Should Rethink the Policy,” published June 24, 2021, in Vaccines, retracted July 2, 2021. See our coverage here. “The Spanish Flu, COVID-19 and Malta’s reactions: Contrasts and similarities,” published on November 12, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “The way in which COVID-19 changed behaviour on social media in Malta,” published on November 12, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “Theoretical novel COVID-19 vaccination risk of rare and severe adverse events versus COVID-19 mortality,” published on October 1, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “To wear or not to wear? Adherence to face mask use during the COVID-19 and Spanish influenza pandemics,” published on November 12, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “Tracking COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and logistical challenges: A machine learning approach,” published on June 2, 2021 in Plos One; retracted on July 22, 2021. “Treatment Response to Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and Antibiotics for Moderate COVID 19: A First Report on the Pharmacological Outcomes from South Korea” preprint posted May 18, 2020 in medRxiv, and withdrawn June 14, 2020. “Treatment with Ivermectin Is Associated with Decreased Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: Analysis of a National Federated Database,” published on February 28, 2022 in International Journal of Infectious Diseases,” retracted sometime close to June 1, 2022. Our coverage here. “Trends in Mental Health Symptoms, Service Use, and Unmet Need for Services among US Adults through the First Nine Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic,” published in Translational Behavioral Medicine on April 5, 2021; EOC published June 11, 2021; retracted on May 5, 2022. “Trends in Suicide Attempts and Suicides Over Fifteen Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Data From a Primary Care Surveillance Network in France,” preprint posted November 29, 2021 in Preprints with The Lancet; retracted on unknown date. “Uncanny similarity of unique inserts in the 2019-nCoV spike protein to HIV-1 gp120 and Gag,” preprint posted January 31, 2020 in bioRxiv and withdrawn February 2, 2020. More context here. “Understanding the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Academic Motivation in College Students during the Coronavirus Pandemic,” published on December 10, 2021 in the International Journal of Educational Research Open; retracted on unknown date. “Unknown unknowns – COVID-19 and potential global mortality,” published on March 31, 2020 in Early Human Development, retracted on June 11, 2021. More context here. “Use of Antimicrobial Peptides Against SARS-CoV-2: Today is the Future,” published on January 20, 2021 in Infectious Microbes & Diseases; retracted on March 1, 2021. “Use of ivermectin in the treatment of Covid-19: A pilot trial,” published on March 9, 2021 in Toxicology Reports; retracted on May 2, 2022. See our coverage here. “Usefulness of Ivermectin in COVID-19 Illness,” preprint posted on April 19, 2020 on SSRN: Social Science Resource Network, retracted sometime thereafter. “Utilizing of (Zinc Oxide Nano-Spray) for Disinfection against “SARS-CoV-2” and Testing Its Biological Effectiveness on Some Biochemical Parameters during (COVID-19 Pandemic)—”ZnO Nanoparticles Have Antiviral Activity against (SARS-CoV-2)”,” published on March 29, 2021 in the journal Coatings; EOC published on September 15, 2021, retracted on August 16, 2022. “Vaccination of multiple sclerosis patients during the COVID-19 era: Novel insights into vaccine safety and immunogenicity,” published on October 8, 2022 in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders; retracted on unknown date. “Vaccine hesitancy among Maltese Healthcare workers toward influenza and novel COVID-19 vaccination,” published on October 1, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted on sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “Vaccine hesitancy in Maltese family physicians and their trainees vis-à-vis influenza and novel COVID-19 vaccination,” published on November 12, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “Vaccine hesitancy in the University of Malta Faculties of Health Sciences, Dentistry and Medicine vis-à-vis influenza and novel COVID-19 vaccination,” published on November 12, 2020 in Early Human Development; retracted sometime in March, 2021. See our coverage here. “Vitamin D Level of Mild and Severe Elderly Cases of COVID-19: A Preliminary Report,” preprint posted on May 5, 2020 in SSRN: Social Science Resource Network; unknown date of retraction. “Vitamin D supplementation could possibly improve clinical outcomes of patients infected with Coronavirus-2019 (COVID2019),” preprint posted on April 9, 2020 in SSRN: Social Science Resource Network; unknown date of retraction. “Vitritis and Outer Retinal Abnormalities in a Patient with COVID-19,” published on October 6, 2020 in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation; retracted on October 7, 2021. “‘Weighty woes’: Impact of fat talk and social influences on body dissatisfaction among Indian women during the pandemic,” published on February 4, 2021 in the International Journal of Social Psychiatry; retracted on November 26, 2021. See our coverage here. “Welchen Corona-Experten können Ärzte vertrauen?” published on April 29, 2021 in MMW – Fortschritte der Medizin; retracted on September 23, 2021. “Whole-Body Cryotherapy as an Innovative Treatment for COVID 19-Induced Anosmia-Hyposmia: A Feasibility Study,” published on January 13, 2022 in the Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine; retracted on March 9, 2022. “Why are we vaccinating children against COVID-19?,” published on September 14, 2021 in Toxicology Reports; correction published October 7, 2021, expression of concern published December 17, 2021, retracted on May 6, 2022. Our covereage here. “Will the extraction of COVID-19 from wastewater help flatten the curve?” published on January 5, 2021 in Chemosphere; retracted on August 24, 2021. Our coverage here. Expressions of concern
“6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study,” published on January 8, 2021 in the Lancet; EOC issued on November 24, 2022. “Common contributing factors to COVID-19 and inflammatory bowel disease,” published on August 31, 2021 as part of a special issue in Toxicology Reports; EoC assigned to entire issue on December 17, 2021. See our coverage here. “Complete Genome Sequence of a 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Strain Isolated in Nepal,” published on March 20 in Microbiology Resource Announcements. EoC here. “COVID-19 pandemic and alcohol consumption: Impacts and interconnections,” published on August 31, 2021 as part of a special issue in Toxicology Reports; correction issued on September 2, 2021, EoC assigned to entire issue on December 17, 2021. See our coverage here. “Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR,” published in Eurosurveillance in January 2020. Our coverage here. “Emergence of NDM-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa among hospitalized patients and impact on antimicrobial therapy during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic,” published on June 28, 2021 in Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology; EOC issued on September 16, 2022; “Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial,” published in International Journal of Microbial Agents on March 20, 2020. More context here and here. “Improved strategies to counter the COVID-19 pandemic: Lockdowns vs. primary and community healthcare,” published on August 31, 2021 as part of a special issue in Toxicology Reports; EoC assigned to entire issue on December 17, 2021. See our coverage here. “Ivermectin for Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis to Inform Clinical Guidelines,” published June 21, 2021 in the American Journal of Therapeutics; EoC published February 7, 2022. Our coverage here and here. “Mrna COVID Vaccines Dramatically Increase Endothelial Inflammatory Markers and ACS Risk as Measured by the PULS Cardiac Test: a Warning (Abstract 10712),” published on November 8, 2021; EoC published November 24, 2021. See our coverage here. “Review of the Emerging Evidence Demonstrating the Efficacy of Ivermectin in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of COVID-19,” published on April 22, 2021 in the American Journal of Therapeutics; EoC published February 7, 2022. Our coverage here. “Risk factors associated with COVID-19-induced death in patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) in a city in Southern Brazil,” published on August 31, 2021 as part of a special issue in Toxicology Reports; EoC assigned to entire issue on December 17, 2021. See our coverage here. “Safety of COVID-19 vaccines administered in the EU: Should we be concerned?,” published on August 31, 2021 as part of a special issue in Toxicology Reports; correction issued on September 2, 2021, EoC assigned to entire issue on December 17, 2021. See our coverage here. “Unexpected detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the prepandemic period in Italy,” published in Tumori on November 11, 2020, subject to an expression of concern on March 22, 2021. Expression of concern removed on June 30, 2021. “Vitamin D sufficiency, a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at least 30 ng/mL reduced risk for adverse clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 infection,” published in PLOS ONE on October 14, 2020. Our coverage here. “‘We were on our knees long before COVID’: How healthcare workers experienced the compassionate care model during COVID-19,” published on May 24, 2022 in Counselling & Psychotherapy Research; retracted on unknown date. Note: Retraction Watch does not draw a distinction between withdrawal and retraction, because journals that have done so have typically done it to justify not saying anything about why a paper was retracted, and to sometimes make a paper disappear without a trace. Richard Sever, co-founder of bioRxiv and medRxiv, asked that we include a comment from him about how the processes for withdrawing preprints and retracting journal articles may differ: Journals may retract a paper at the authors’ request and/or if the editors identify fundamental flaws that would have precluded acceptance if spotted during review. [RW: Note that some journals insist that they cannot make such moves without authors’ permission.] A preprint is usually withdrawn only at an authors’ request. A preprint server will not typically withdraw a flawed preprint against the wishes of the author, since the server made no claim to have peer-reviewed and certified the scientific content in the first place. At the same time, preprint servers *will* withdraw a preprint against the authors’ wishes in instances of fraud, ethics violations, dangerous material, or legal issues. It is thus the nature of preprints that there will be some that contain errors but are not withdrawn and would not appear in the above list. [RW: The same is, of course, true of some papers in peer-reviewed journals.]
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